Rivet and process for applying same



' March 26, 1940. c. E. H ATHORN 2,195,029

RIVET AND PROCESS FOR APPLYING SAME I I Filed April 12, 1938 F192. W J I FI S. 17 v WK a 7 4 i Z4; 10

TIIHF a 1 16 11 RM 25 14/ iNVENTOR 41 4 ATTORNIEY CHAQLEfi E. HATHOQN.

Patented Mme 26,1940 2 195 029 i UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE RIVET AND raoosss ron APPLYING sum Charles E. Hathorn, Kenmore, N. Y., assignor to (turtles-Wright Corporation, a corporation of Delaware 1 Application April 12, 1938, Serial No. 201,490

3 Claims. (01. 85-10) This invention relates. to that'type of rivet by rivets. The left side of the figure showsaone which is adapted for application and driving soleside rivet after insertion through the plate holes ly from one side of work to be riveted together, but prior to being driven whereas, the right-hand In the fabrication of metal structures, one mode side showsthe rivet in ltsfinaily driven form, 5 ,of attaching components to one other is by riv-' along with the remainder of the elements which 8 eting and it so happens that in certain instances, were necessary to the driving of the rivet. The it is diflicult to provide means for backing up the rivets comprise a head l2 from which a shank l3 rivet when same is beingdriven. This problem extends, the shank being provided with an enhas become evident in the aircraft art where cer- 'larged bore l4 at the head end of the rivet and i tain of the structures are so devised as to prewith a reduced bore I5 at the opposite end of the clude the insertion of bucking bars or the like rivet. By virtue of the bore I4 the wall of the within a closed structure and accordingly, it is shank at I6 is relatively thin. A driving pin I Us 1 essential to use a type of rivet which may be assembled through the rivet shank, said pin havapplied and driven wholly from the exterior of ing a head l8 adapted to bear upon the anti-head 16 the structure. It is appreciated that there are end of the shank, at 19. The head I8 is fairly thin rivets of this type in the prior art and the present and its shear strength with respect to the pin l'l invention undertakes to teach certain improveis so organize as 110 b Slightly greater than the ments in these rivets by which a reduction in strength of the thin wall portion is against, col? weight may be obtained along with adequate lapse or bulging. The rivet is driven by the use 20 strength and a greater facility for attaching the of a tool similar to that shown at 20 in Fig. '1, 20

rivets. v I, the tool beingin the form of a-.plier having a An object of the invention is to provide what slotted foot 2i bearing upon' the head 12 and a may be termed a one side rivet in which unlu ch 2 embracing h p It By pp y necessary protrusions ,are eliminated from the squeezing pressure to the handles of the tool 20,

driven rivet. An associated object is to provide the pin I1 is drawn upwardly relative to the rivet 25 one side rivets of .reducedweight and reduced d, the head 8 pres i the s an and I9 bulk of material, which however, can be augupwardly and bulging the wall portion Hi to the mented by the use of auxiliary means to provide rm Show at 23- p further application O greater shearing strength in a riveted joint. A squeezing pressure to the tool. 20, suilicient force further object of the invention is to eliminate in may be applied to shear the head l8 from the pin 30 certain applications, the necessity for leaving a- I! whereupon, the pin I1 is drawn outwardly driving pin in a finally driven rivet. Still anfrom the rivet and the head iii in the form of other object is to provide a one side" rivet which a small washer drops clear of the riveted joint.

- is adapted for fabrication .in various types of -In Fig. 3 I show the same type of rivet as that head forms, such as flat-head, oval-head and the indicated in Fig. 2 but I add a sleeve 24 which 35 like. fits between the bore 14 and pin II. This sleeve Specifically, the invention includes several alis shorter than the bore [4 but is of sufficient ternative arrangements which may be better unlength to reach from the thickened end portion derstood by reading the annexed detailed descrip- 25 of the rivet shank to the top face 26' of the tion in connection with the drawing in which: head I 2. As the rivet is squeezed, a slight ex- 40 Fig. 1 is a side elevation of metal plates showtrusion of. the material thereof binds the sleeve ing the mode of driving the rivets of the inven- I 24 firmly into the rivet and by virtue of the crosstion; sectional area of the sleeve 24 the strength of 'Fig. 2 is a section through-a pair of metal the riveted joint is improved with respect to plates showing one embodiment of the rivet in shear between the plates l0 and H. Since it is 45 its position of primary insertion and in its uiticontemplated that these rivets be made of relamate form, respectively; I tively soft -material in order to properly'form Fig. 3- is a section through a pair of metal the bulbs 23 the wall 16 must be quite thin. Ac-

sheets showing the rivet of Fig. 2 augmented by cordingly, the rivet without the sleeve 24 is not a. shear sleeve by which the strength of the rivets very strong in shear but by the addition of the is increased; and sleeve, which may be of harder and stronger ma- Figs. 4, 5, and 6 are sections through metal terial, the strength of the joint is substantially plates showing alternative forms of rivets. increased. It will be seen that the hollow through Referring first to Fig. 2I show overlying metal which the pin is withdrawn lightens the rivet plates l0 and II suitably drilled for attachment considerably and it will also be noted that there 55 are no redundant protrusions annexed to the rivet after the rivet is driven as in the case of certain one side rivets of the prior art.

In Fig. 4 I show an adaptation of the rivet wherein the head is fiat, the rivet being arranged for use in connectionwith countersunk plates. The stem I1 is slightly tapered as at 28 and the head 29 is not adapted to shear on as in the prior embodiment. When driven by the same sort of tool as shown in Fig. 1, thetapered portion of the stem expands the rivet shank and sleeve '24 while the shank is being bulbed so that the driven rivet has the effect of being a solid rivet. of great strength and having watertight or airtight characteristics. The tapered portion 28 of the rivet stem may be provided with an annular groove 30 into which a portion of the thickened end wall of the rivet may extrude when the rivet is driven to firmly lock the tapered portion of the pin |1' into the shank l3, preventing possible displacement of the pin when the joint is completed. After the rivet has been driven, the

protruding portion of the pin may be clipped-- oif and dressed flush with the surface of the rivet head and metal plates.

In Fig. 5 I show an alternate form of drivin pin 32 provided with an integral rigid driving head 33 by which the shank I3 is bulbed by the application of the driving tool. The diameter of the head 33 will'be substantially the same as that of the bore l4, so that, after the shank is bulbed, continued application of driving pressure will cause the head 33 to shear a part of the thickened head 25, permitting the driving pin to be pulled clear of the riveted joint, the head 33 carrying with it a small washer 34 which previously was integral with the rivet end 25. The rivet, when driven, will have substantially the same strength and characteristics as that shown in Fig. 2 but this mode of rivet driving will obviously not permit of the use of a reenforcing sleeve such as that shown at 24 of Fig. 3.

In Fig. 6 I show a slightly different arrangement in which the rivet comprises a head 33 having a shank 31 provided with a through bore 38 of consistent diameter. A driving pin 40 is a snug fit in the bore 38 and carries a driving.

head 4| at its lower end, this head having a groove 42 therebeneath the surfaces of which are engageable with the inner end 43 of the rivet shank. Driving of the rivet is accomplished-in the same manner as indicated in Fig. 1. The

head 4| engages the end of the rivet shank and the groove 42 constrains the end of the shank from radial outward displacement, when driving force is applied, so that a perfect bulb 44 is formed without any P ssibility of the head 4| pulling through the rivet. Upon further application of driving pressure, the head 4| is sheared from-the driving pin 40, the pin pulling clear of the work and the head 4| likewise dropping" free.

The stepped bore construction wherein the end of the rivet shank is thicker than the intermediate walls of the shank as shown in Figs. 2 to 5 inclusive is necessary if the driving head on the pin does not constrain the shank from outward displacement; without this thickened end, the driving pin would tend to pull through the work without properly bulbing the rivet. The arrangement of Fig. 8 includes a rivet shank of uniform wall thickness between the head and shank ends of the rivet which would not be satisfactory unless the grooved driving head 4| were used. Without the grooved head, the end of the shank would tend to upset when driving force is applied resulting in an improper bulb on the rivet.

It will be apparent that any oneof the rivets of the types disclosed may be constructed with round, square, or fiat heads without interfering with the proper assembly and driving thereof. It is known that certain "one side rivets of the prior art are not susceptible to variant forms of rivet heads since the heads in-those cases are used in connection with the driving of the rivet whereas in the present case the foot 2| of the driving tool merely rests .upon the head to provide reaction as the driving pin of the rivet is withdrawn outwardly.

While I have described my invention in detail in its present preferred embodiment, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art, after unand modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit or scope thereof. 1 aim in the appended claims to cover all such modifications and changes.

What I claim is:

1. In a rivet of the type adapted to be applied and driven from the same .side of work to be riveted, a headed shank having a bore defining toward the head end a thin shank wall and toward the other end' a thick end wall, and a pin having a head engaging said end wall extending through the bore and beyond said rivet head, said pin being organized for withdrawal through the bore to bulb the thin-walled part of the shank, said pin head being of such thickness as to shear off after bulbing of said shank wall.

2. In a rivet of the type adapted to be applied and driven from the same side of work to be riveted, a headed shank having an axial bore and a driving pin engaging within said shank, the pin having ahead of such strength, in shear,

as tobulb the rivet shank and then shear of! a headed shank having a bore defining a thin shank wall toward the head end, and having a smaller bore defining a thick shank wall toward the anti-head end; atapered driving pin, having a head at its larger end, passed through said thick shank wall and closely fitted to the bore thereof, the pin head engaging said thick shank wall end and the pin passing through the shank and beyond the shank head; and a sleeve fitted exteriorly into the larger shank bore and fitted interiorlyover the smaller pin end, said sleeve being shorter than the shank larger bore; whereby, upon driving of the rivet by pulling the small pin end away from the shank head, the thin shank wall bulges over work being fastened and the tapered pin expands said sleeve and shank wall into intimate contact with the work, one sleeve end finally abutting the inner end of said thick shank wall.

CHARLES E. HATHORN. 

